Tyrosine-phosphorylated Bacterial Proteins: Trojan Horses for the Host Cell

The roles of EPIYA sequence to perturb the cellular signaling pathways and cancer risk

Abstract It was shown that several pathogenic bacterial effector proteins contain the Glu-Pro-Ile-Tyr-Ala (EPIYA) or a similar sequence. These bacterial EPIYA effectors are delivered into host cell via type III or IV secretion system, where they undergo tyrosine phosphorylation at the EPIYA sequences, which triggers interaction with multiple host cell SH2 domain-containing proteins and thereby...

Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) Transfers Its Receptor for Intimate Adherence into Mammalian Cells

Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) belongs to a group of bacterial pathogens that induce epithelial cell actin rearrangements resulting in pedestal formation beneath adherent bacteria. This requires the secretion of specific virulence proteins needed for signal transduction and intimate adherence. EPEC interaction induces tyrosine phosphorylation of a protein in the host membrane, Hp90, which is t...

c-Src and c-Abl kinases control hierarchic phosphorylation and function of the CagA effector protein in Western and East Asian Helicobacter pylori strains.

Many bacterial pathogens inject into host cells effector proteins that are substrates for host tyrosine kinases such as Src and Abl family kinases. Phosphorylated effectors eventually subvert host cell signaling, aiding disease development. In the case of the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori, which is a major risk factor for the development of gastric cancer, the only known effector protein...

Tyrosine-Phosphorylated Caveolin-1 Blocks Bacterial Uptake by Inducing Vav2-RhoA-Mediated Cytoskeletal Rearrangements

Certain bacterial adhesins appear to promote a pathogen's extracellular lifestyle rather than its entry into host cells. However, little is known about the stimuli elicited upon such pathogen host-cell interactions. Here, we report that type IV pili (Tfp)-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (P(+)GC) induces an immediate recruitment of caveolin-1 (Cav1) in the host cell, which subsequently prevents ...

Trojan Horses and Fake Immunity Idols: Molecular Mimicry of Host Immune Mediators by Human Cytomegalovirus